In 2015, the global market for rough gemstones is estimated to have been worth between USD 17 billion and USD 23 billion. Yet in many countries where gemstones originate, particularly those that produce colored gemstones, this resource wealth has only marginally supported development.

Drawing on the experiences of gemstone producing countries – including Botswana, Brazil, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand and Zambia – this report identifies leading challenges for governance and highlights key considerations for governments.

NRGI’s global research has informed support to stakeholders in Myanmar, as the country tackles reform of its gemstone industry. Specific recommendations for the Myanmar government are outlined in the companion briefing Governing the Gemstone Sector: Considerations for Myanmar.